“The lesson that was forcibly instilled in me last year, I’ve learned at last, and I’ll never forget it: I’m not a German, nor a European, perhaps hardly even a human being, but I am a Jew.” Despite converting to Protestantism in his youth, Schönberg was the target of anti-Semitic attacks from 1921 onwards. The violence of this rejection shook him and decided him to return to his roots, while developing a very personal reading of the Old Testament. Sketched out in the form of a cantata, which was soon expanded to the dimensions of an oratorio, the project became a philosophical opera pitting the two brothers Moses and Aaron, radicalism and compromise, or embarrassed speech and the lyricism of song, against the versatile community embodied by choirs of exceptional importance.